If you drive an electric vehicle, the government might soon ask you to chip in for road repairs. A new bipartisan bill introduced in the House on Monday by Rep. Sam Graves (R-MO) and Rep. Rick Larsen (D-WA) proposes an annual fee on EV owners to help fund road maintenance.

Annual Road Repair Fee

The BUILD America 250 Act—a sprawling, 1,000-plus-page bill—would impose an annual fee of $130 on EV owners and $35 on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Those fees would increase by $5 each year, capping at $150 for EVs and $50 for PHEVs. The fees would "terminate on October 1, 2036," according to the bill.

States would be responsible for collecting the taxes; if they fail to do so, the federal government could withhold transportation funds. Notably, there's no annual tax on gas vehicles—instead, owners pay federal and state gas taxes every time they fill up, which goes toward maintaining roads and highways.

This isn't Graves' first attempt at an EV fee. He previously proposed a $250 annual fee on EVs (and $100 on PHEVs), which passed the House. "For far too long, EVs have operated on our nation's roads without paying into the system," Graves said last year.

Autonomous Trucking Rules

The bill also wades into the world of self-driving trucks. It directs the Transportation Secretary to "establish and maintain a performance-based safety standard for ADS-equipped commercial motor vehicles to operate in interstate commerce" within two years of the bill's passage.

The standards would apply to Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5 autonomous vehicles. Manufacturers would need to demonstrate their vehicles' safety to the Department of Transportation to get approval. Vehicles carrying minors or hazardous materials would still require a human safety operator on board.

This could be a boost for companies working on autonomous trucks. Aurora Innovation Inc. (AUR) and Berkshire Hathaway Inc.'s subsidiary McLane Company recently reported that their autonomous trucking pilot achieved 100% on-time performance over more than 280,000 miles. The bill could also benefit Tesla Inc. (TSLA) and its Semi, which is reportedly equipped with an onboard Full Self-Driving computer.