U.S. and Mexican negotiators opened three days of trade talks in Mexico City on Tuesday without Canada, advancing a USMCA rewrite as President Donald Trump widened the rift with Ottawa through sweeping new tariffs.

USMCA Talks Enter High-Stakes New Phase

The talks are the first formal negotiations since the Trump administration declined to extend the six-year-old pact on July 1, starting a 10-year countdown toward expiration unless the three countries agree on changes. USMCA underpins nearly $1.6 trillion in annual regional trade.

Mexico expects an agreement by year-end, Ambassador Roberto Lazzeri said. "Every moment that we're losing, I think we are losing competitiveness, market share and investment, so it's in the best interest of all three of us to get to a position of resolution soon," he said to Reuters last Friday.

US Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins took to X on Tuesday to emphasize the President's dedication to protecting domestic agriculture, stating, "President Trump loves American farmers and is making sure they are treated FAIRLY around the world. This next step to respond to Canada's UNFAIR treatment of our producers is CRITICAL."

She also noted that non-compliance with trade terms has resulted in massive revenue losses for American dairy farmers, stating, "The USMCA negotiated reciprocal access for our dairymen that Canada NEVER implemented! The result has been hundreds of millions in lost sales since the agreement went into force."

Canada Faces Growing Isolation Amid Tariffs

Mexico wants relief from Washington's 25% auto tariffs and 50% steel and aluminum duties. U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer has praised Mexico's "pragmatic" approach and its decision not to retaliate, though he has signaled that zero-tariff trade may not return.

Canada remains largely sidelined after Trump imposed 50% tariffs on nearly $20 billion of Canadian goods, including products previously protected by USMCA. The duties take effect Aug. 19, while energy, potash, fish and critical minerals remain exempt. Prime Minister Mark Carney said Ottawa had offered comprehensive proposals and called earlier U.S. tariffs a violation of the pact.

Autos And China Drive Negotiating Agenda

USTR said the talks will cover autos, metals, agriculture, labor and "economic security," including stronger barriers against China and other nonregional suppliers. Washington has proposed requiring 50% of the value of North American-built vehicles to originate in the U.S., a shift automakers warn could disrupt supply chains and threaten affordable models.

The U.S. goods deficit with Mexico reached a record $196.9 billion in 2025, Census Bureau data showed, adding pressure on both sides to reshape regional manufacturing without breaking it.